How to Upgrade Debian 9 (Stretch) to 10 (Buster)

    What’s new in Debian 10?

    • Updated desktop environments such as Cinnamon 3.8, GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14, LXDE 0.99.2, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, Xfce 4.12.
    • Secure Boot support greatly improved
    • AppArmor is installed and enabled by default
    • Apache
    • BIND
    • Chromium
    • Emacs
    • Firefox
    • GIMP
    • GNU
    • GnuPG
    • Golang
    • Inkscape
    • LibreOffice
    • Linux
    • MariaDB
    • OpenJDK
    • Perl
    • PHP
    • PostgreSQL
    • Python
    • Ruby
    • Rustc
    • Samba
    • systemd
    • Thunderbird
    • Vim

    Upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 Buster

    The procedure is as follows:

    1. Backup your system. Typically I create a snapshot.
    2. Update existing packages and reboot the Debian 9.x system.
    3. Edit the file /etc/apt/sources.list using a text editor and replace each instance of stretch with buster.
    4. Update the packages index on Debian Linux, run: sudo apt update
    5. Prepare for the operating system upgrade, run: sudo apt upgrade
    6. Finally, update Debian 9 to Debian 10 buster by running: sudo apt full-upgrade
    7. Reboot the Linux system so that you can boot into Debian 10 Buster
    8. Verify that everything is working correctly.

    Let us see all command in details.

    Step 1. Backup your system

    It is crucial to backup all data and system configurations. Cloud-based VMs can be quickly backup and restore using snapshots. Check OS:
    lsb_release -a
    Sample outputs:

    No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Debian
Description:	Debian GNU/Linux 9.12 (stretch)
Release:	9.12
Codename:	stretch

    Note down the Linux kernel too:
    uname -mrs
    Sample outputs:

    Linux 4.9.0-12-amd64 x86_64

    Step 2. Update installed packages

    Type the following :
    sudo apt update
    sudo apt upgrade
    sudo apt full-upgrade
    sudo apt --purge autoremove
    OR
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get upgrade
    sudo apt-get full-upgrade
    sudo apt-get --purge autoremove
    reboot to apply the kernel and other updates:
    sudo reboot

    Step 3. Update /etc/apt/sources.list file

    Before starting the upgrade you must reconfigure APT’s source-list files. 

    To view current settings using :
    cat /etc/apt/sources.list
    Sample outputs:

    The stretch indicates that we are using an older version. Hence, we must change all the references in this file from Stretch to Buster using a text editor such as vim:
    vi /etc/apt/sources.list
    I prefer to use sed tool, but first backup all config files using the cp command:
    sudo cp -v /etc/apt/sources.list /root/
    sudo cp -rv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ /root/
    sudo sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
    sudo sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
    ### see updated file now ###
    cat /etc/apt/sources.list


    APT source-list files updated to use buster

    Updating the package list

    Simply run:
    sudo apt update


    Step 4. Minimal system upgrade

    A two-part process is necessary to avoid the removal of large numbers of packages that you want to keep. Therefore, first run the following:
    sudo apt upgrade



    Just follow on-screen instructions. During the upgrade process, you may get various questions, like “Do you want to restart the service? ” OR “keep or erase config options” and so on. For example, I got a screen as follows indicating new changes:



    Press ‘q‘ to exit and further you may see additional screens:



    And:


    Step 5. Upgrading Debain 9 to Debian 10

    In addition, minimum upgrades we need to do full upgrades to finish the whole Debian 9 to Debian 10 update process. This is the main part of the upgrade. In other words, execute the following command to perform a complete upgrade of the system, installing the newest available versions of all packages, and resolving all possible dependency:
    sudo apt full-upgrade

    Reboot the System to boot into Debian Linux 10 buster, issue:
    sudo reboot

    Step 6. Verification

    It is time to confirm the upgrade. Run:
    uname -r
    lsb_release -a
    Sample outputs:

    No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Debian
Description:	Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release:	10
Codename:	buster

    Finally, clean up outdated packages using :
    sudo apt --purge autoremove


    Conclusion

    And there you have it. We have successfully upgraded to Debian Linux 10. 
    source: cyberciti.biz

    Veröffentlicht